What was the historical and cultural context of the learning perspective?

The concepts of the behaviorism were shaped by historical and cultural context of the 20th century. Until the 1950s, it was very popular in the USA due to its simplicity. At this time, considering psychology as scientific discipline had appeared to have reached a dead end. People now tend to believe in the sciences that are observable through scientific experiments. Behaviorism offered simple explanations of behaviors by using environmental stimulus and responses. Combining this with the ideas of social changes – behavior changes according to environment, behaviorism had become appealing to the American mentality and the optimism about the future. The society of the USA has a strong belief in capitalism which based in business environment. Relating this to behaviorism, those who can adapt best to the changing business situations will gain the most profit.
Behaviorism was started by behaviorists such as Pavlov, Watson, and Throndike during the 1900s. These pioneer behaviorists tend to focus on scientific and objective ways to study human behaviors. Observable human behaviors were studied and explained in simplest forms, concerning the responses to the environmental stimulus. Through the 1960s, behaviorism was modified by Skinner, Garcia, and Seligman. Combining these ideas with the new insights from the cognitive and biological perspectives, behaviorism had evolved into the learning perspective.